The population increased by two-thirds between 19, an average of 1,000 new residents a year over the 20-year period. The city was a convenient location for San Francisco travelers bound for the Russian River. Santa Rosa grew following World War II because it was the location for Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Santa Rosa, the remnants of which are now located in southwest Santa Rosa. It is seen in Shadow of a Doubt by Alfred Hitchcock. Shown here is the Empire Building, completed in 1910 and a Sonoma County landmark. Old Courthouse Square is the heart of downtown Santa Rosa. The Coen brothers' 2001 film The Man Who Wasn't There is set in Santa Rosa c. However, the courthouse and bank are now gone. A scene at the bank was filmed at the corner of Fourth Street and Mendocino Avenue (at present day Old Courthouse square) the Kress building on Fourth Street is also visible. However, some, like the rough-stone Northwestern Pacific Railroad depot and the prominent Empire Building (built in 1910 with a gold-topped clock tower), still survive. Many of the downtown buildings seen in the film no longer exist due to major reconstruction following the strong earthquakes in October 1969. However, after that period the population growth of Santa Rosa, as with most of the area, was very slow.įamed director Alfred Hitchcock filmed his thriller Shadow of a Doubt in Santa Rosa in 1943 the film gives glimpses of Santa Rosa in the 1940s. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake essentially destroyed the entire downtown, but the city's population did not greatly suffer. According to a 1905 article in the Press Democrat newspaper reporting on the "Battle of the Trains", the city had just over 10,000 people at the time. The city continued to grow when other early population centers declined or stagnated, but by 1900 it was being overtaken by many other newer population centers in the San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California. Growth and development after that was steady but never rapid. Census, in 1870 Santa Rosa was the eighth largest city in California, and county seat of one of the most populous counties in the state. Census records, among others, show that after California became a state, Santa Rosa grew steadily early on, despite initially lagging behind nearby Petaluma in the 1850s and early 1860s. In 1867, the county recognized Santa Rosa as an incorporated city and in 1868 the state officially confirmed the incorporation, making it officially the third incorporated city in Sonoma County, after Petaluma, incorporated in 1858, and Healdsburg, incorporated in 1867. In the mid-1850s, several prominent locals, including Julio Carrillo, son of Maria Carrillo, laid out the grid street pattern for Santa Rosa with a public square in the center, a pattern which largely remains as the street pattern for downtown Santa Rosa to this day, despite changes to the central square, now called Old Courthouse Square. The Empire Building at Old Courthouse Square, downtown Santa Rosaīy the 1850s, a Wells Fargo post and general store were established in what is now downtown Santa Rosa. This is supposedly the origin of the name of Matanzas Creek as, because of its use as a slaughtering place, the confluence came to be called La Matanza. Allegedly, however, by the 1820s, before the Carrillos built their adobe in the 1830s, Spanish and Mexican settlers from nearby Sonoma and other settlements to the south raised livestock in the area and slaughtered animals at the fork of the Santa Rosa Creek and Matanzas Creek, near the intersection of modern-day Santa Rosa Avenue and Sonoma Avenue. In the 1830s, during the Mexican period, the family of María López de Carrillo built an adobe house on their Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa land grant, just east of what later became downtown Santa Rosa.
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The first known permanent European settlement of Santa Rosa was the homestead of the Carrillo family of California, in-laws to Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, who settled the Sonoma pueblo and Petaluma area. By 1900, the Pomo population had decreased by 95%. Upon the arrival of Europeans, the Pomos were decimated by smallpox brought from Europe. The tribe gathered at ceremonial times on Santa Rosa Creek near present-day Spring Lake Regional Park. Those who entered without permission were subject to harsh penalties. The Bitakomtara controlled the area closely, barring passage to others until permission was arranged. Before the arrival of Europeans, the Santa Rosa Plain was home to a strong and populous tribe of Pomo natives known as the Bitakomtara. Santa Rosa was founded in 1833 and named after Saint Rose of Lima. The former Petaluma & Santa Rosa Railroad Station